Introduction to Research Design and Statistics

About Summation Signs


My Three Sums

Examples:

Rules for Summation Signs

Rule 1: The sum of a constant.

Example:

Rule 2: The sum of a constant times a variable.

Example:

Rule 3: The sum of multiple variables.

Example:

Of course:

Rule 4: A no-no.

Rule 5: Another no-no.

Rule 6: The square of the sum of two variables.


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Phil Ender, 30Jun98